What is ITV (Interactive Television)?

Any technology that allows for two-way communication between the audience and the television service provider (such as the broadcaster, cable operator, set-top box manufacturer).

What is Click-stream?

1) The electronic path a user takes while navigating from site to site, and from page to page within a site; 

2) A comprehensive body of data describing the sequence of activity between a user’s browser and any other Internet resource, such as a Web site or third party ad server.

Web beacon - What is beacon or What is Pixel?

A web beacon, also known as a web bug, 1 by 1 GIF, invisible GIF, and tracking pixel, is a tiny image referenced by a line of HTML or a block of JavaScript code embedded into a web site or third party ad server to track activity.

The image used is generally a single pixel that is delivered to the web browser with HTML instructions that keep it from affecting the web site layout. The web beacon will typically include user information like cookies on the HTTP headers, and web site information on the query string.

Web beacons are used to collect data for web site and ad delivery analytics, and also specific events such as a registration or conversion:

·           Ad Creative Pixel - A web beacon embedded in an ad tag which calls a web server for the purpose of tracking that a user has viewed a particular ad.

·           Conversion Pixel -  A web beacon that transmits to a third-party server that a user has successfully completed a process such as purchase or registration.

·           Piggyback Pixel – A web beacon that embeds additional web beacons not directly placed on the publisher page.

·          Secure Pixel - A web beacon that is delivered over HTTPS.

What is an Advertisement?

A commercial message targeted to an advertiser’s customer or prospect.

E-mail Bounce or Bounce in online advertisnment

An e-mail that cannot be delivered to the mailbox provider and is sent back to the e-mail Service Provider that sent it. A bounce is classified as either “hard” or “soft.” Hard bounces are the failed delivery of e-mail due to a permanent reason, such as a non-existent address. Soft bounces are the failed delivery of e-mail due to a temporary issue, such as a full inbox or an unavailable ISP server.

Ref #IAB

Demand side platform - What is DSP?

A demand side platform (DSP), also called buy side optimizer and buy side platform is a technology platform that provides centralized and aggregated media buying from multiple sources including ad exchanges, ad networks and sell side platforms, often leveraging real time bidding capabilities of these sources.

Ref : #IAB

RTB - What is RTB?

The RTB acronym indicates a real-time system for either bidding on or buying ad inventory. The initial RTB ecosystems evolved from the efforts of DSPs to create a more efficient exchange of inventory. Due to these roots, RTB ecosystems put significant emphasis on user information (demographic and behavioral data, for example), while discounting the situation information (the publisher and context).

Ref : #IAB

What is Click Fraud?

What is Click Fraud?

Click fraud is a type of internet crime that occurs in pay per click online advertising when a person, automated script, or computer program imitates a legitimate user of a web browser clicking on an ad, for the purpose of generating a charge per click without having actual interest in the target of the ad's link.

Ref : IAB

Contextual Targeting

Contextual meaning says “ relating to or determined by or in context ” , so when it's about contextual advertising it means the Ads shown as per the content of the webpage is contextual advertising . It is also a kind of targeted advertising in which Ads are always shown as per the contents present on a webpage , e.g. if a user will be on a sports website he will be shown Ads related to sports , if in any entertainments site he will be shown Ads of movies , music , etc. Contextual advertising is also called “In-Text” advertising or “In-Context” technology, In-Text advertising has a small difference i.e. it works when a specific word or keywords within the text of a web-page are matched with advertising and/or related information units.

To define in one go “Contextual targeting is a technique in which the web page is scanned  to show the relevant Ad as per the content on the page”.

Technically if you define “Contextual targeting is a technology which uses artificial intelligence to define and understand content rich websites and match them with targeted keywords so as to show up related Ad as per the content of the page”

The advertisements themselves are selected and served by automated systems based on the content displayed to the user.Contextual Advertising is in huge demand today as it brings good profit in return plus it's the latest online advertising technological advance and allows a company to place advertisements in major websites and portals that are carrying relevant content for their product or service which thereby bringing good response.

“Just in a case , think as a user when you are searching for some property to buy and searching number of real estates site and if some good property related Ads are shown to that user , there will be percentage of chance that user will show his interest on it as he is searching the related information only .”

CATEGORIES :

We have number of categories defined but as per IAB standards the list can be of 23 top level categories and around 200 categories in total (including sub categories).

23 Top – Level Categories

Within these we have number of sub categories which can be targeted too .

How does CONTEXTUAL TARGETING works ?

Contextual targeting generally works through a piece of code that you put on your web pages. The function of the code is to look through what is on the page and pull relevant ads from the company sponsoring the contextual targeting, which it then places on the site.

Contextual targeting is totally a dynamic approach . When a user request a page , the page will have a  JavaScript  code embedded on it which will make a request to an Ad server with some meta data information about the context of the page. This information could be number of options like the URL of the page, the page content , or to be specific the section of the site where the user is… All these information are passed not as a text but as keywords (Keywords chosen plays the game in the working of contextual targeting ) which will be more than enough for a Ad server to understand the context of the page but that highly depends on the Ad server potential. Every Ad server has it own targeting rules to be followed , for e.g. thekeyword passed by the javascript say “sports” will co relate with rule or condition set for sports category in the ad server and will than serve the content specific ad from the ad sever.

Say an Ad Network is having a contextual targeting of sports channel for a particular product say a badminton racket and apublisher say ESPN sports has embedded a code ( helps in contextual targeting ) in his page to show Ads related to it's content . So whenever a user who shows interest on badminton page of ESPN site , automatically the Ads related to the same context will be pulled up from the Ad Server to be shown on the page.

Screenshot Explanation :

Advantage of CONTEXTUAL TARGETING :

1. Greater engagement

2. Higher conversion

3. Content or Ads can be automatically matched to your content

4. More benefit for publishers as higher chances of clicking on the Ad

5. Relevant Ads as per the content don't annoy the user

6. Saves unnecessary impressions

Targeting - Types of targeting in online advertising

Targeting

Targeting is defined as selection of an object of attention or attack. Same is what it means in online advertising as we target our specific users (attack) as per the requirement of the campaign.

Targeting is about catching the right user at the right time at right place so that the output coming out of it should be maximum.

Targeted Advertisement – an advertisement that is shown only to users

exhibiting specific attributes or in a specific context or at a particular time

of day.

In online industry targeting is a big world and is divided into sub parts :

Contextual Targeting : Contextual targeting is a form of targeting that the ad servers use to target a user for showing ad units based on the context of the page they are viewing.

Semantic Targeting : A type of contextual targeting that also incorporates semantic techniques to understand page meaning and/or sentiment.

Behavioral Targeting : Behavioral targeting is a form of targeting that ad server and ad networks use for targeting users based on their online behavior.

Audience Targeting : A method that enables advertisers to show an ad specifically to visitors based on their shared behavioral, demographic, geographic and/or technographic attributes.  Audience targeting uses anonymous, non-PII data.

Geographic Targeting : The targeting of users as per zip code, area code, city, DMA, state, and/or country is called as geographic targeting .

Creative Retargeting : A method that enables advertisers to show an ad specifically to visitors that previously were exposed to or interacted with the advertisers‟ creative.

Site Retargeting : This targeting enables advertisers to show an ad specifically to previous site visitors.

Time-based Targeting : Time- based parting can be divided into parts : time parting – this parting enables the ad to appear on certain time in a day while another is Day parting – this parting enables the ad to appear on certain days of the week.

Demographic Targeting : The targeting of users on the basis of demographic information such as age, gender and income etc is called as demographic targeting .